Cher Ami, a black checker pigeon, earned his fame carrying messages for the American military during World War I. [84] WikiLeaks did not name the source, but said that the files had "circulated among former U.S. government hackers and contractors in an unauthorized manner, one of whom has provided WikiLeaks with portions of the archive. [41], By March 1971 over 26,000 potential agents had been acquired for future screening. "When historical information is no longer sensitive, we take seriously our responsibility to share it with the American people.". From September 20 to 27, 1950, the U.S. Navy released the pathogens off the shore of San Francisco. Central Intelligence Agency front organizations, People killed in Central Intelligence Agency operations, International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA, Measurements of Earth Data for Environmental Analysis, Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, United States Joint Publications Research Service, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Central_Intelligence_Agency_operations&oldid=711930997, This page was last edited on 25 March 2016, at 20:06. Since CIA has no domestic police authority, it sends its analytic information to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and other law enforcement organizations, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (OFAC). From a secret U.S Air Force project to build a flying saucer to a now-famous World War II-era research program that produced the first atomic bombs, below are 10 declassified military and CIA secrets. Since its effects were temporary, he believed it could be given to high-ranking officials and in this way affect the course of important meetings, speeches, etc. [60] According to Stephen Kinzer, Olson had approached his superiors some time earlier, doubting the morality of the project, and asked to resign from the CIA. In the process of acquiring this priceless data, we recorded for future generations the environmental history of the Earth at least a decade before any country on this Earth launched any Earth resource satellites.. [1] Those mosquitoes that were air-dispersed were dropped from airplanes 300 feet (91 m) above the ground, spreading out on their own and due to the wind. "[72], Alfred W. McCoy writes, "Stripped of its bizarre excesses, Dr. Cameron's experiments, building upon Donald O. Hebb's earlier breakthrough, laid the scientific foundation for the CIA's two-stage psychological torture method",[73] referring to first creating a state of disorientation in the subject, and then creating a situation of "self-inflicted" discomfort in which the disoriented subject can alleviate pain by capitulating. A knockout pill which can be surreptitiously administered in drinks, food, cigarettes, as an aerosol, etc., which will be safe to use, provide a maximum of amnesia, and be suitable for use by agent types on an ad hoc basis. These research funds were sent to Cameron by a CIA front organization, the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, and as shown in internal CIA documents, Cameron did not know the money came from the CIA. The officers conducting the monitoring were not qualified scientific observers. In the 1960s, the U.S. Army launched a secret program to build mobile nuclear missile launch sites under the Greenland ice sheet. Documents describing secret writing fall under the CIA's purview to declassify. CORONA also had sister programs: ARGON for mapping imagery and LANYARD, a short-lived program designed for higher-quality imagery. Substances which will promote illogical thinking and impulsiveness to the point where the recipient would be discredited in public. The operation proposed creating public support for a war against Cuba by blaming it for terrorist acts that would actually be perpetrated by the U.S. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 09:30. While the government admitted it was, at that time, drugging people without their consent, U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel found Ritchie could not prove he was one of the victims of MKUltra or that LSD caused his robbery attempt and dismissed the case in 2005. [41] The project was a joint project between the U.S. Army Chemical Corps and the CIA's Office of Research and Development to find new offensive-use agents, with a focus on incapacitating agents. On average, individual images covered a geographic area on the Earths surface of approximately 10120 miles. The doctor was later arrested and sentenced to a lengthy prison term on allegedly unrelated charges. [71], Naomi Klein argues in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to the MKUltra project was not about mind control and brainwashing, but about designing "a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources'. [46][47] Six members of Congress have claimed that Director of the CIA Leon Panetta admitted that over a period of several years since 2001 the CIA deceived Congress, including affirmatively lying to Congress. A month after the Trinity test, two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in the waning stages of World War II. The government argued that Stanley was barred from suing under the Feres doctrine. In the 1970s, Congressional investigations and reports also revealed Agency connections with journalists and civic groups. In some countries, "preparing" for Soviet invasion included espionage and the hoarding of ammunitions. cities. Sign up for InsideHook to get our best content delivered to your inbox every weekday. [11], Whilst the Obama administration has tried to distance itself from some of the harshest counterterrorism techniques, it has also said that at least some forms of renditions will continue. Reilly, Edward C. "Ken Kesey." The program's operators examined the effects of hypnosis, biological agents and drugs, such as LSD and barbiturates, on human subjects. Much of what the Church Committee and the Rockefeller Commission learned about MKUltra was contained in a report, prepared by the Inspector General's office in 1963, that had survived the destruction of records ordered in 1973. Dont just read about intelligence operations, join us. In 1953, Olson's death was described as a suicide that had occurred during a severe psychotic episode. A spokeswoman for Wikipedia said in response that the changes may violate the encyclopedia's conflict-of-interest guidelines. [34], One 1955 MKUltra document gives an indication of the size and range of the effort. The plan, known as Operation Gladio, called for the formation of secret armies or "stay-behind" organizations in many NATO countries, including Italy, Belgium and France, according to declassified documents. "[37], Several investigations led by the Church Committee, Rockefeller Commission and Pike Committee have been conducted about the CIA, and many documents have been declassified. The CIA captured people suspected of being enemy agents and other people it deemed "expendable" to undertake various types of torture and human experimentation on them. Kinzer writes that MKUltra's use of mescaline on unwitting subjects was a practice that Nazi doctors had begun in the camps at Auschwitz and Dachau. Horrock, Nicholas M. (August 4, 1977). This prompted Senators Dianne Feinstein and Patrick Leahy, Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee to insist that no one should go outside the law. ", "WikiLeaks Releases Trove of Alleged C.I.A. The declassified documents reveal plans for the plane to reach a top speed of Mach 4 (four times the speed of sound), and reach an altitude of 100,000 feet (30,480 meters). [8][9], MKUltra was preceded by two drug-related experiments, Project Bluebird and Project Artichoke. Critical Survey of Long Fiction, Second Revised Edition (2000): EBSCO. Adverse reactions often occurred, such as an operative who received the drug in his morning coffee, became psychotic and ran across Washington, seeing a monster in every car passing him. Plan", "The CIA's Appalling Human Experiments With Mind Control", "Buying a Piece of Anthropology: Human Ecology and unwitting anthropological research for the CIA", "Senate MKUltra Hearing: Appendix C Documents Referring to Subprojects, (p. 167, in PDF document page numbering)", "Data shows 50s projects: Germ Testing by the CIA", "The Search for the Manchurian Candidate Chapter 4", "Sidney Gottlieb, 80, Dies; Took LSD to C.I.A. It has been claimed, though, that torture has been employed with the knowledge or acquiescence of US agencies (a transfer of anyone to anywhere for the purpose of torture is a violation of US law), although Condoleezza Rice (then the United States Secretary of State) stated that: the United States has not transported anyone, and will not transport anyone, to a country when we believe he will be tortured. [21], Edward Lee Howard, David Henry Barnett, both field operations officers sold secrets to Russia. The CIA's own internal investigation concluded that the head of MKUltra, CIA chemist Sidney Gottlieb, had conducted the LSD experiment with Olson's prior knowledge, although neither Olson nor the other men taking part in the experiment were informed as to the exact nature of the drug until some 20 minutes after its ingestion. Ancient bird with T. rex-like skull discovered in China, Extinct giant tortoise was the 'mammoth' of Madagascar 1,000 years ago, Utah's Great Salt Lake is on the verge of collapse, and could expose millions to arsenic laced dust. "[42]:365. Within a day the mosquitoes had bitten many people. Materials which will prevent or counteract the intoxicating effect of alcohol. [58] "The agency has not discussed publicly the nature of the effort, which remains classified," said agency spokesman Paul Gimigliano. Throughout its history, the CIA has been the subject of a number of controversies, both at home and abroad. The prisoners were interrogated while being administered psychoactive drugs, electroshocked and subjected to extremes of temperature, sensory isolation and the like to develop a better understanding of how to destroy and to control human minds. "80 Institutions Used in CIA Mind Studies: Admiral Turner Tells Senators of Behavior Control Research Bars Drug Testing Now". (Note 37) Many of these tests were conducted under the so-called MKULTRA program, established to counter perceived Soviet and Chinese advances in brainwashing techniques. [38], The CIA sometimes finds itself in conflict with other parts of the government when there is disagreement over the legality of specific covert programs. The men were dosed with LSD, the brothels were equipped with one-way mirrors, and the sessions were filmed for later viewing and study. In December 1974, The New York Times alleged that the CIA had conducted illegal domestic activities, including experiments on U.S. citizens, during the 1960s. [50], In 2007, the now defunct database Wikiscanner revealed that computers from the CIA had been used to edit articles on the English Wikipedia, including the Iraq War article in 2003, and the article on former CIA executive director William Colby. These documents, which describe secret writing techniques and are housed at the National Archives, are believed to be the only remaining classified documents from the World War I era. The possibilities detailed in the document included the possible assassination of Cuban migrs, sinking boats of Cuban refugees on the high seas, hijacking planes, blowing up a U.S. ship, and orchestrating violent terrorism in U.S. "[69] However, according to some reports, Brennan didn't apologize for spying or doing anything wrong at all, even though his agency had been improperly accessing computers of the Senate Select Intelligence Committee (SSCI) and then, in the words of investigative reporter Dan Froomkin, "speaking a lie". Not declassified as yet, but the CIA documents for what Wikipedia quaintly calls the Indonesian mass killings of 1965-66 is going to be a wild . Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). Several of these were not misguided Nazis or opportunistic collaborators but merely embraced Hitler's regime in the name of anticommunism. [18], Perhaps the most disruptive incident involving counterintelligence was James Jesus Angleton's search for a mole,[19] based on the statements of a Soviet defector, Anatoliy Golitsyn. Washington, D.C., February 12, 2010 - For the first time, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has declassified substantive information on one of its most secret and sensitive schemes, "Project Azorian," the Agency codename for its ambitious plan to raise a sunken Soviet submarine from the floor of the Pacific Ocean in order to retrieve its secrets. Declassified documents related to NATO's stay-behind armies are accessible via The Black Vault, a website that makes declassified documents available to the public. [68], In July 2014 CIA Director John O. Brennan had to apologize to lawmakers because five CIA employees (two lawyers and three computer specialists) had surreptitiously searched Senate Intelligence Committee files and reviewed some committee staff members' e-mail on computers that were supposed to be exclusively for congressional investigators. ", "Under the guidelines, seven research projects involving chemical weapons and human subjects were submitted by the Chemical Corps for Secretary of the Army approval in August 1953. This list may not reflect recent changes. [1][2] One project involved vesicants, one involved phosgene, and five were experiments which involved nerve agents; all seven were approved. Project 1794 was canceled in December 1961 after tests suggested the flying saucer design was aerodynamically unstable and would likely be uncontrollable at high speeds (let alone supersonic speeds). At first, everyone in Technical Services tried it; a typical experiment involved two people in a room where they observed each other for hours and took notes. ABN Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN). However, by 1962 the CIA and the army developed a series of super-hallucinogens such as the highly touted BZ, which was thought to hold greater promise as a mind control weapon. Where appropriate, the United States seeks assurances that transferred persons will not be tortured. The first nuclear bomb was detonated at 5:30 a.m. on July 16, 1945, during the so-called Trinity test at the Alamogordo Air Base, 120 miles (193 km) south of Albuquerque, N.M. . [23], During Bush's year in charge of the CIA, the U.S. national security apparatus actively supported Operation Condor operations and right-wing military dictatorships in Latin America. Random House, 2008, p. 342. Project AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE), which operated 1949-1970 before being reclassified under Project named QRDYNAMIC in 1970 and finally QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB until 1991. [25], The project was headed by Sidney Gottlieb but began on the order of CIA director Allen Dulles on April 13, 1953. William Kampiles, a low-level worker in the CIA 24-hour Operations Center, sold the Soviets a detailed operational manual for the KH-11 reconnaissance satellite. National Public Radio (NPR), 9 Sept. 2019. High-ranking government officials in countries where the military forces operated were sometimes not aware of the armies' existence. Before it was called the CIA, it was. The CIA has also been accused of a lack of financial and whistleblower controls which has led to waste and fraud. He also said: "To give them the space to crush us with misappropriated secrets is a perversion of what our great Constitution stands for. The program was rumored vis--vis leaks made by anonymous government officials on July 23, to be an assassinations program,[56][57] but this remains unconfirmed. [1], According to writer Deborah Davis, Operation Mockingbird recruited leading American journalists into a propaganda network and oversaw the operations of front groups. Snowden released a significant amount of information on the U.S. government's surveillance program of its citizens[33][34][35][36] to The Washington Post as well as foreign news reporters. The trove contains files covering a wide range of secrets, from the mundane to the mind-blowing and, yes, even UFOS. The mission followed an earlier program, known as Project Sign, which published a report in early 1949 stating that while some UFOs seemed to be actual aircraft, there was not enough data to determine their origins. Several other proposals were included within Operation Northwoods, including real or simulated actions against various U.S. military and civilian targets. Many veterans who were subjected to experimentation are now seeking legal and monetary reparations. B Black sites (18 P) C Central Intelligence Agency domestic surveillance operations (10 P) E Extraordinary rendition program (2 C, 13 P) M Find Your Calling with a Career at CIA. Physical methods of producing shock and confusion over extended periods of time and capable of surreptitious use. The records include: White House and ODNI efforts to explain, justify, and defend the programs; Correspondence between outside critics and executive branch officials; Fact sheets and white papers distributed (and sometimes later withdrawn) by the government; Key laws and court decisions (both Supreme Court and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court); Documents on the Total Information Awareness (later Terrorist Information Awareness, or TIA) program, an earlier proposal for massive data collection Manuals on how to exploit the Internet for intelligence. Thanks to the Intelligence Communitys persistence, CORONA resulted in one of the largest declassification projects in American history. [53] The House is expected to support the 2010 Intelligence Authorization Bill including a provision that would require the President to inform more than 40 members of Congress about covert operations. ", "Operation Big Itch was a September 1954 series of tests at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. Some of the more compelling secrets the agency, along with their cohorts in the U.S. military, have declassified in recent years are worth digging into. It funded student and cultural organizations and magazines as front organizations. The brakes were put on the project in 1961. [67]:140150 His treatments resulted in victims' urinary incontinence, amnesia, forgetting how to talk, forgetting their parents and thinking their interrogators were their parents. Substances which promote weakness or distortion of the eyesight or hearing faculties, preferably without permanent effects. Declassified documents shed light on a government so corrupted that it would use hypnosis-induced mind control to create unwitting assassins and 'super spies'. In the 1960s, the U.S. Army embarked on a secret mission to build a series of mobile nuclear missile launch sites under the Greenland ice sheet. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. [74][75][76][77][78][79][80], In March 2017, WikiLeaks has published more than 8,000 documents on the CIA. In late 2012, the U.S. Air Force declassified a trove of documents, including records of a secret program to build a flying saucer-type aircraft designed to shoot down Soviet bombers. In 1977, during a hearing held by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, to look further into MKUltra, Admiral Stansfield Turner, then Director of Central Intelligence, revealed that the CIA had found a set of records, consisting of about 20,000 pages,[78] that had survived the 1973 destruction orders because they had been incorrectly stored at a records center not usually used for such documents. In addition to LSD, the Army also tested quinuclidinyl benzilate, a hallucinogen code-named BZ. Jan Schakowsky, Chairwoman, U.S. House of Representatives Intelligence Subcommittee. And these clandestine armies weren't just kept secret from the Soviet Union. law. "[5], Extraordinary rendition is the apprehension and extrajudicial transfer of a person from one country to another.[6]. [60], Another technique investigated was the intravenous administration of a barbiturate into one arm and an amphetamine into the other. Web. Declassified Army and CIA Manuals. (each link will open a new tab in your browser), "Operation Big Buzz occurred in May 1955 in the U.S. State of Georgia. "[4], In 1969, at the height of the antiwar movement in the US, CIA Director Helms received a message from Henry Kissinger ordering him to spy on the leaders of the groups requesting a moratorium on Vietnam. MKDELTA was established to oversee the use of MKUltra materials abroad. 3. CIA Crime and Narcotics Center[44] researches information on international narcotics trafficking and organized crime for policymakers and the law enforcement community. ' existence benzilate, a black checker pigeon, earned his fame carrying messages the! 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