Cattlemen on the Prairies, mountain resource owners and lumbermen rejoiced; finally, after years of badgering their elected representatives, they would get reliable, speedy access to Eastern markets. Prohibition became Law in Alberta on July 1st of 1916. Another safety regulation well resented was the adoption of the safety lamp. The companys mandate was to operate the Lille mines and purchase other prospects. Bellevue suffered two memorable fires. 31km (19mi) northeast of Elko, the Crowsnest Highway reaches Fernie, then it goes north another 30km (19mi) to its junction with Highway 43 at Sparwood, and another 19km (12mi) east, the highway reaches the boundary with Alberta at Crowsnest Pass. Larger lumps of coal were worth more because they burned longer in the consumers furnaces. Lower slopes carpeted in sweet-smelling pine and spruce, the upper slopes of barren rock sheltering drifts of snow in shady defiles even at the height of summer. A.deB. The Big Strike and Reds, Since the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the middle of the Eighteenth Century, the men, women and children who worked underground digging coal for a living were in opposition to those men who owned the mines. Not far beyond the Courthouse and N.I.T.s Mini-Railway Heritage Park, 20th hooks hard left, crosses the River on a flat-decked 1983 span and rejoins the Crowsnest Highway to run on down three kilometres or so to tragic Frank. That same month EKP opened negotiations with the Town of Coleman to buy 2.9 acres of Crowsnest Lake waterfront upon which to construct a steam-powered generation plant. Regrettably though, many Albertans treat these shoulders as driving lanes even thought Law prohibits such behaviour. Finding the trailhead to the Turtle Mountain hike. This seemingly sensible idea was rejected on the argument that the lamp didnt cast nearly the same amount of light as an open flame, and therefore made working in the absolute pitch-black darkness of a coal mine even more dangerous. Noted is D.A. Highway Profile. To meet demands International had begun preparing an open-pit mine on the southern end of its property on York Creek, while MCC investigated the possibility of applying the technique to the northern end of its measures in Vicary Creeks valley, some 20 miles north of Coleman. On 8th one passes the two-storey wood framed and ship-lap sided cracker box of the Halton-Moser store which MacLean Trading erected in 1905, the Moose Hall, formerly a Chinese restaurant dating from the 1920s, and the Crowsnest Ceramic Store which has tried to impress the streetscape with what the Ecomuseum Trust like to call its boomtown front since circa 1910. Around 1916 domestic electricity came to Blairmore when WCC agreed to supply the Town with the excess wattage generated in its Greenhill mine powerhouse. (Joe?) As with most turn-of-the-Twentieth Century capitalist undertakings, there was tension between labour and management in the Passs coal mines. This yields up to 700 tonnes of liquid and solid sulphur per day. Perhaps Maple Leafs most interesting contribution to the district was Maple Leafor BellevueBush Town, Il Bosc, a little renegade community of shanties which squatted by the tracks between the WCC and MLC tipples. Informed that his son had been shot, the Emperor picked up Filumena Florence Lassandro, the 22-year old wife of a business partner, Carlo Lassandro, and booted it up to Coleman to confront Lawson. The company soldiered on, cutting down every sizeable tree it could get, until profits dried up in 1932. A year earlier, on August 22nd, 1935, promising social dividends for every family, Bible Bill Aberhart had led the progressive Social Credit Party to power in Alberta. Dying in the Street, Downtown Coleman, although today as lively as a cemetery the night after Halloween, has not always been so. Leitch Collieries barely survived 1914. The highway goes east for 7 km (4.3 mi) to its junction with Highway 5, then through Allison Pass and Manning Provincial Park for 127 km (79 mi) towards the Town of Princeton. Most of the facades lined up along the north side of the 20th Avenue east from the WCC block and the new Provincial Buildinguntil 1981 the site of the WCCs managers mansion, Charbonnier House, and the foremans cottage, Green Houseare the plain fronts of structures that were never intended to be anything but utilitarian and inexpensive. An agreement was reached and in April of 1938 Hillcrest-Mohawk Collieries, Limited, (H-MC) was formed. Perhaps the Village should have insisted that the company lay in water mains first, for on January 17th of 1906 a flicker of flame engorged itself on the dried hay storing in Gradys warehouse and when the resulting conflagration burned itself out, an entire block of buildings, including the wood-framed Blairmore Hotel, on what is now the north-west corner of 129th St. and 20th, was ashes. Several Members of Parliament, E.M. Hill,23 and A.J. That year the Town bought the utilities from Internationals Coleman Light and Water. A few months work convinced the company that the mine was worth developing. C-AC&C never regained the profitability it had enjoyed before the Slide. The explosion was attributed to the ever-present dust that haunted coal mines, and was a raw rubbing-point in the relations between worker and boss. International Coal and Coke and Early Coleman, There was nothing at Coleman except a nice stand of evergreens before the CPR built its Crows Nest Line (CNL) up through this valley in the fall of 1897. The little empire of Henry Luplin Frank, So pleased was Henry Luplin Frank with his new mine that he invited 1400 people to the fte he threw on September 10th, 1901, to celebrate the inauguration of the model community which was to shelter and serve his workers and clients. The Big Strike of 1911, however, and ominous grumblings in the Turtles guts, convinced the directorship to get out of the Trough: in January of 1912 CCC liquidated itself. Draw a path or open an existing path. By the time the plan of the City of Blairmore was registered on August 28th of 1902 the matter was on its way to court. To access specific communities along The Highway, refer to the INDEX MAP or select from the list below. A ten ton electric larry was purchased to charge the ovens. Though there was plenty of other issues like shortages of reinforcing timber and pay over which Men and Management could disagree, unlike the majority of coal companies in the Trough, the lack of a wash-house wasnt one of them. 2 mine well started on the Flats, Dr. Irving Bell, the owner of a Metz motor car, was in residence in Passburg, the Nastasi brothers Joseph and James had come from Coleman and Bellevue to build their bakery, and the New Passburg Hotel was welcoming guests. Manufactured by the Canadian Locomotive Company at Kingston in May of 1914 and never converted to piston valves, Old Maude is eighty tons of crumbling steel and wood embalmed with a thick coat of mourning-black paint. Though alarmingly deep in debt, when the infrastructure was complete Leitch Collieries looked ready to rapidly supply the largest orders for fine steaming coal and coke. From the north, Allison Creek leads Phillipps trail down to join the Highway. There is an alternative, more intimate route through the Slide. When BC Hydro took over EKP in September, 1966, its mandate disallowed it to operate generating facilities outside the its home province. When Ottawa finally declared in 1911 that the part of the Frank townsite still endangered by Turtle Mountain must be abandoned, most of its residents moved west 3 miles to Blairmore. It can be seen from Alberta Highway 3 west of the town of Coleman in the Crowsnest Pass. Water, they suggested, had naturally leaked into the fractures in the limestone layers and had frozen, prising the cracks wider. Pretty Intermittent Falls is hidden from view nearby. Recorded the journalistically-inclined ex-Mountie, T. Clarke, football sides from Blairmore and Pincher Creek agreed to play a match, and lacrosse teams from Lethbridge and Fernie would further entertain the throngs. C-AC&Cs surface plantthe railway spur, the stables, the fan house, the tipple, powerhouse, the little battery of coke ovens and the stockpile of expensive equipment with which the company intended to electrify the Minehad been swept away and buried. With Gladstones expertise, Kean succeeded in 1879 in getting the water-powered mills up and running. The Act did not address the on-going dispute between workers and bosses regarding hours of work, lost time and recompense, but did provide dozens of solicitors with hundreds of billable hours as the regulations were argued over in the courts by an organization which was formed that year, the Western Coal Operators Association. Galer was named as vice president. This reputation for violence followed it across the Boundary, and it was therefore under pressure from all levels of authority to quit Canada. Glaciation and weathering removed the softer shales from above the limestone, but the limestone, in turn, protected the younger shales upon which it rested from the same fate. Patterson was named president and nominally headquartered at Coleman. The Elevation API provides elevation data from around the world. An agreement was struck and on December 4th Coleman Collieries, Limited, (CCL) was incorporated under the Alberta Companies Act with a 1.21 million dollar capitalization in $1.00 shares, the majority of which were bought up by CM&S, along with 36.1% of the bonds. In the basement were the cells, on the main level was the courtroom, general offices, magistrates office and the Police superintendents family residence. The Crowsnest Highway is an east-west highway in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. Peter McLaren Lumber Company, The history of Peter McLaren Lumber illuminates the cozy relationship between Money and Government that enhanced the fortunes of many an Eastern magnate during the closing years of the Nineteenth Century. 5.3 8.5 For the Pass producers the local market was small: a few hundred households, stores and hotels, a handful of lime kilns, a few dozen industrial boilers for powering steam engines and turbines for generating electricity, the CPR on the occasions when its own mines couldnt meet its expanding needs. Softwood Lumber Agreement. School classes were convened for the few children, Hill himself raised a hotel, and the MacLean Trading Company24 opened its doors. Thompson of Blairmore, and his brother-in-law, F.M. On September 1st, 1905, Alberta became a province with control over its own affairs. Crowsnest Pass, AB. Crowsnest Highway was created in 1932. The Hotel was soon ablaze and westerly breeze carried the flames from wall to wooden wall down the entire length of Front until they met with the only fire-proof structure in town, the Wheeler-Farmer Building, which saved the residential neighbourhood downwind of it along with the hospital. This happy situation cropped up only infrequently, however, and the very few of Hillcrests workers who had enjoyed employment with Hillcrest-Mohawk had to find other employment for their talents. An electrically-powered lorry on an elevated track was kept busy dumping 6.5-ton charges of slack coal into the 100, seven-foot diameter bee-hive coking ovens which contractor E. Morino of Blairmore built on sidings by the CNL. Nearby, beside the older blue and white striped Stop Inn Motel, a 36-inch gauge air-driven 0-4-0 thermos bottle locomotive on a monumental plinth gleams with thick silver paint. Jobs were precious and even though there was a good deal of sympathy for the Winnipeg strikers, the reality was that if a man could find a job, he took it. It addressed the issue of children in the pits, and set a wage for contract miners at $0.57 per long ton (2240 lbs.) The news surprised no-one. Just above the yards, on the slope of Bluff Mountain, sits the concrete shell of the tipple, not worth the effort of destruction in 1958 when the works were salvaged, and now valued as a historic site. Over the years the CPR has shifted the rocks aside so that the tracks lie now on the original ground level. Here in the Crowsnest, when the Lewis Thrust Fault gave way, the strata to the west of it over-rode the eastern rock by some five miles. Dust and smoke stained the air and the defile resonated with the discordant music of industry. The three-storey Maple Leaf Hotel was up by the end of that year and was soon joined by Allazettas General Store and Mrs. Rudds store. Heading back towards town on 27th Ave past the humble miners cottages, one sees to the east the evidence of industry: these were the yards of the Mohawk Bituminous Mine. At 0410 hours the night shift was at work, foreman Joe Chapman and 16 men underground, three workers on the surface weighing coal and readying a train of loaded cars for the approaching CP locomotive. Recognizing a ready market, the East Kootenay Power and Light Company, Limited, (EKP) strung transmission lines from its little hydro-electric plant on Bull River and at 11:25 in the morning of June the 2nd, 1922, closed the switch that completed the circuit and began offering power to the people of the east Pass. At the Ridges southern tip, a popular viewpoint entices travellers from their vehicles to hike 20 metres out onto the bluffs for a picturesque perspective looking back up the Pass. On March 1st the Union Bank of Canada opened a branch office. Other raises would be chutes to allow the coal to drain downward into the Main. Visitors could find accommodations at A. Manuels grand Frank Hotel, or the Imperial or the Union. Bassoff, following his accomplice out the door, blasted Bailey dead as the latter lay stunned on the walkway, and limped away through a volley of bullets from Joe Robertsons ugly old Mauser pistol to lead police on a three-day long game of cat and mouse in the rubble of Frank slide. Grassy Mountain Avenue was the main street, and on it stood the Western Mercantile store which supplied most families basic wants in the way of dry-goods. On June 14th, 1944, the Towns population was enumerated at 3,169, the largest settlement in the east Pass. In it investigators Reginald A. Daly, W.G. Engineer Corey Froese, the project lead on the Alberta Geological Surveys Turtle Mountain Monitoring project, said everyone in the world of geological engineering knows about the massive slide almost 107 years ago. [4][5] The plans include the construction of a Lethbridge bypass to render the CANAMEX Corridor free-flowing through southern Alberta, in combination with proposed bypasses of Fort Macleod, Claresholm and Nanton. Before the arrival of Europeans, Indigenous people used this major breach through the Front Ranges for seasonal migrations, and also for trade between mountain and plains cultures. The Pass miners six month-long strike in 1932 over wages and benefits drove the Bellevues cost per ton up to $3.95 for a loss of over $49,000 on the 95,000 tons output. At $1.00 par value MCCs shares immediately attracted enough mainly Minneapolis-area buyers so that by the summer of 1910 the company had been able to raise a tipple over the CNL tracks for sorting, cleaning and loading coal, and was hauling it thereto from the mines mouth two miles away on a miniature electric railway. Convinced the company soldiered on, cutting down every sizeable tree it could get until! 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